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Glass & Glass-Making
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Page 5

 
of the cup of the Holy Grail, preserved in the Genoa Museum, and said to be the vessel in which Joseph of Arimathea received the blood of Christ. Guglielmo Embriaco got it when Caesarea was sacked in 1101, and brought it home to Genoa. It was long thought to be made of an emerald; but when Napoleon carried it to Paris in 1806, an expert decided that it was glass. The Holy Grail is an hexagonal dish with feet and handles and slight ornaments finished with a tool. It was broken in Paris. When mended, the pieces were joined by a border of gold filigree.
French Glass

    Glass is an ancient industry in France. In the middle ages every province had its glass-houses. The art-loving King René of Provence
A Byzantine "Hedwig Glass"
A BYZANTINE "HEDWIG GLASS"
early welcomed Venetian artists in France. Henri II brought Italians to Paris to improve glass-making, and Henri IV established works at Rouen, Paris, and elsewhere. Crystal glass, gilt and enameled glass, and every other Venetian style were imitated.
    France, however, was more occupied with magnificent painted glass for her cathedral windows and, subsequently, with "plate-glass" for mirrors and superb glass coaches like that of Cinderella fame.
    France produced fine work, although it was overshadowed by the greater productions of Murano. Perhaps the most interesting type is enameled glass made in the fifteenth century after the Venetian style, with portrait heads, symbolic figures and mottoes, either gallant or religious. This ware continued in vogue in France long after the fashion had passed in Italy.


Enameled Glass of the Saracens

    The enameled glass made by the Saracens during the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries has only had appreciation as a family, or class, for about thirty years;
Venetian Glass of the Sixteenth Century
VENETIAN GLASS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY"
for it had been submerged under the name "Venetian." The art came from Persia and was developed in Damascus and Aleppo, where Persian craftsmen lived in great numbers. The ware may be compared to rich brocade of a dull gold gleaming with red, green, white and blue enamel, the latter made of powdered