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156,412: 1 of 3

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Patents: 94 of 530
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
WILLIAM DALE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN VAULT-COVERS.
First: 112,428 · Dale · "Improvement in Covers for Openings in Sidewalks" · Page 1 Last: 211,297 · Dale · "Improvement in Illuminating Tiles for Covering Vaults, &c." · Drawing 2 Prev: 112,428 · Dale · "Improvement in Covers for Openings in Sidewalks" · Page 1 Next: 211,297 · Dale · "Improvement in Illuminating Tiles for Covering Vaults, &c." · Page 1 Navigation
William Dale
2 of 3

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 156,412, dated November 3, 1874; application filed October 23, 1873.
To all whom it may concern:
    Be it known that I, WILLIAM DALE, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain Improvement in Vault-Covers, of which the following is a specification:
    This invention relates to that class of devices which are used in sidewalks and in other positions for the purpose of lighting the vaults that may be formed under them; and it consists in what may be termed a method of construction, as will be more fully set forth hereinafter.
    Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved cover, showing the construction of metal portion as adapted for the reception of the glass bull's eyes and of the cement which is used for retaining them in position. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on line x x of Fig. 1, showing the metal frame, the form of the bull's-eyes, the method of applying them, and the cement for holding them in position. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on line y y of Fig. 1, in which the cement is omitted for the purpose of showing the form of the cavities into which it is poured. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a portion of the metal frame and one bull's-eye upon an enlarged scale, for the purpose of more clearly illustrating their construction and the method of uniting them, and also for showing a dovetailed form of rib or partition between the different compartments of the frame.
    Corresponding letters refer to corresponding parts in the several figures.
    It is well known by experts in the business of selling textile fabrics that the best possible place for exhibiting their good qualities is in the vault under the sidewalk, or in some other position where the rays of light fall vertically upon them; and in order that this may be done in the vaults above referred to, and thus room of great value be utilized, it is indispensable that the device employed for admitting the light should be absolutely water-tight, in order that no wetting of the goods shall take place while they are being exhibited or during the time that they may be under the light.
    Vault-covers, as heretofore generally constructed, have been subject to considerably changes of dimensions, and consequently to derangement of their parts, owing to the fact that so much of the metal-- of which they have been in part composed-- has
been exposed to the rays of the sun and to the temperature of the atmosphere outside of such covers, thus causing them to be expanded by the heat and contracted by the cold until breaks have been caused, however tight they may have been when placed in position.
    I have heretofore provided a remedy for the above-named and other defects by so constructing a cover that it shall admit the light freely and at the same time exclude, at all time and under all temperatures, water from the vault or room below. This result is accomplished by constructing a vault-cover, substantially as described in my reissued patent. In accordance with my present improvement, I construct it of a frame, A, of cast-iron or other suitable metal, such frame consisting of a plate or disk, A', which may be rectangular, circular, or of any other form that will adapt it to the openings to which it is to be applied. Through the disk or plate apertures are formed for the reception of a circular projection upon the bottom of the bull's-eyes. Around the periphery of the frame an upwardly-projecting flange is formed, the upper surface of which is flush with the upper surface of the bull's-eyes, between which there are transverse flanges B B', which rise from the disk or plate A' to one-half, more or less, of the height of the outer flange and of the bull's-eyes. These flanges are, by preference, of dovetailed form, shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in order that they may the more securely hold the cement in place.
    In Fig. 4, I have shown an inwardly-projecting ledge, C, which I prefer to have placed upon the inner surface of the frame A, so that, as the cement is poured or pressed in around the bull's-eyes, it may pass in behind or below such ledge, and thus be held more firmly in position when it becomes hardened. The ledges referred to may in some cases be omitted, the frame being constructed as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, which form of construction will answer very well when small frames and bull's-eyes are used, but for larger ones the form shown in Fig. 4 will be found to be preferable.
    Lateral flanges D are formed upon the vertical flanges of the frame, either flush with the top of the latter or a little distance below the top thereof, in which latter case they will be covered with cement. The vault-cover is supported by these flanges D either upon a frame