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206,332 · Hyatt · "Improvement in the Application of Cements, Clays, Metals and Glass in forming Illuminated or Other Gratings, Vault-Covers, Roofs, &c."· Page 6 Home  > Prism Glass  > Patent Index  > Page 6

206,332: 6 of 14

Fig. 29 may serve to illustrate the mode of making such open gratings of concrete, to be employed in the various forms of treads, risers, steps, platforms, stoops, sills, and plates, for general building purposes, as naked iron is now employed-- the grating 29 here illustrated, and it applications, as aforesaid, all forming a part of the subject-matter of my invention.     Fig. 30 represents a concrete railing or guard N. N' represents a coping or foundation for making a finish or base, and as a convenient means of attaching it to the ground.     The above figures, 29 and 30, are given as examples of constructions that may be cheaply formed, light metals and but little or no riveting being required, the hydraulic grouting cementing the various parts of the loose iron together, and the body or incasement of cement producing coherency and solidity in the finished article.     When laid upon the earth in slab form, the Sorel cement, contrary to what would have been expected of it, has been found to rot, whereas Portland-cement slabs laid upon the earth or under water increase in strength and durability with time; but Portland cement exposed to the air becomes absorbent if not treated preventively, and is liable to decay from frosts. The magnesian cement, on the other hand, resists frosts and atmospheric changes. Acting upon a knowledge of these facts, a part of my invention consists in combining the two cements, using the Sorel as the weather-face, and the Portland as the under surface or concrete body, in this way making a perfect artificial stone.     Fig. 31 represents a slab thus constructed, O being the Portland, and O' the magnesian, cement.     As a precautionary measure, I prefer to mold the Portland with channels, as shown, to allow the magnesian to enter them, and thus give greater holding-power to the face upon its bed.     Fig. 32 represents a stone grating, II, containing the glasses A, and attached to a metal foundation-plate, B, the method of attachment being as follows, viz: The lower portions of the glasses p' enter the apertures of the metal plate, and are therein secured by means of hydraulic cement p''. The glasses thus fixed to the metal plate become fixed points or blocks for holding the concrete to the metal, especially when the glasses are formed with roughened or serrated sides, as shown in Fig. 32.     Fire-proof floors and ceiling.-- The object of this part of my invention is to furnish an inexpensive but sure and perfect protection against fire to the iron beams used in building-constructions, particularly to the lower flanges thereof, as represented by Fig. 33, where P represents a flange-protector made wide enough to inclose the under face of the flange. These protectors are made of incombustible materials, such as my improved Portland cement made fire-resisting by means of

sulphur; or of soap-stone, preferably of the artificial kind, made by combining powdered soap-stone with Sorel cement; or of fire-brick, asbestus, or other fire-resisting materials, the same being formed with tie-metals and furnished with vertical holding-pins, as seen at r, Fig. 34, which run up and take into the body of the concrete or brick arch, as shown.     Fig. 35 represents a fire-proof ceiling formed by the flat slab Q, which is made of fire-proof concrete upon tie-metals and laid upon the bottom flanges of the beams, as represented. The holding-bolts of the flange-protectors run up into and through this slab, as represented, and are confined by nuts applied to the upper sides, as shown.     The webs and top flanges of the beams may now be incased with fire-proof concrete, and a wood floor formed above them upon wood supports laid on the bays between the beams; or a concrete or brick arch, as represented, may be formed upon centers placed upon the ceiling-slabs and left within the construction.     My invention consists in this method of constructing the fire-proof ceilings and attaching the flange-protectors under the beam-flanges, substantially as shown, and in making such flange-protectors substantially as described, and in convenient length for handling.     Having thus fully described and illustrated my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is--     1. Generally, the manufactures as herein described and illustrated, and the modes, means, and processes connected therewith, when the same are employed for the purposes and in the manner substantially as herein set forth, and illustrated by my drawings.     2. Spider-web or beam gratings, as a new manufacture, with reference to preventing condensed moisture and increasing the light-area of illuminating-gratings, and as a means of making weather and walking surfaces, substantially in the manner and for the purposes as here described and illustrated.     3. Curving the under faces of the glasses of illuminating-gratings, when the same are combined with a layer or band of absorbent material at the base of the glasses to receive and drink up the condensed moisture, substantially as herein set forth.     4. Setting the glasses of illuminating-gratings by means of side adhesion, in connection with an enlarged area of the side surface of such glasses, and in some cases also with serrated or roughened side surfaces, reference to increasing the percentage of illuminating-surface in such gratings, substantially as herein set forth.     5. Spider-web or beam gratings made of cast-steel or malleable iron, and from hoop-iron or steel blades, as a new manufacture, and combining the same, as a core or skeleton, with glass or other materials, for illumination